（文章來源：青島日報）

　　數(shu)據(ju)是數(shu)字經(jing)濟時(shi)代的“石油”，儲(chu)存海(hai)量(liang)信(xin)息(xi)的公(gong)共數(shu)據(ju)是一座“富礦”。2022年10月28日，青(qing)島“試(shi)水”公(gong)共數(shu)據(ju)運營，發布(bu)實施《青(qing)島市公(gong)共數(shu)據(ju)運營試(shi)點突破(po)攻堅方案》，引(yin)發廣(guang)泛關注。

　　什么是公(gong)(gong)共(gong)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)？它跟政(zheng)務(wu)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)區別(bie)嗎？公(gong)(gong)共(gong)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)涵蓋(gai)范圍更廣，不僅包括政(zheng)務(wu)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)，還包括很(hen)多(duo)行(xing)業(ye)平(ping)(ping)臺、互聯網平(ping)(ping)臺等在提供公(gong)(gong)共(gong)服務(wu)過程(cheng)中(zhong)收集、產生的(de)涉及公(gong)(gong)共(gong)利益的(de)各類(lei)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)。比如，在水電煤(mei)氣、交通等公(gong)(gong)共(gong)服務(wu)中(zhong)制作或獲取的(de)信息記錄，就(jiu)屬于公(gong)(gong)共(gong)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)。將(jiang)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)開(kai)放(fang)出來(lai)，供社(she)會(hui)開(kai)發利用(yong)，有(you)利于釋(shi)放(fang)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)能量(liang)，激發創新(xin)活力(li)，為經濟發展賦能，為社(she)會(hui)治理增效，這是當前的(de)共(gong)識。2020年國務(wu)院《政(zheng)府(fu)工作報告》首次提到“培(pei)育數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)市場(chang)”。2021年，國家“十四五”規劃綱要(yao)指出，加強公(gong)(gong)共(gong)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)開(kai)放(fang)共(gong)享，開(kai)展政(zheng)府(fu)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)授(shou)權(quan)運(yun)營(ying)試點(dian)。山東省也發出通知，探索公(gong)(gong)共(gong)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)授(shou)權(quan)運(yun)營(ying)、有(you)償使用(yong)等新(xin)模式。

　　讓(rang)公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)“活(huo)”起來，要(yao)保障數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)供給和開發(fa)，更好服務社會民生。從全國(guo)來看，“體制機制不夠(gou)健全”“創新應(ying)用(yong)能(neng)力不強(qiang)”“數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)壁壘依(yi)然存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)”等問題一直是(shi)公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)開放和運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)的(de)“攔路(lu)虎”。這些因(yin)素也導致，明(ming)明(ming)守著一座“富礦”，卻難以充(chong)分挖掘。不過(guo)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)方面(mian)，青(qing)島(dao)已(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)很多(duo)方面(mian)走在(zai)(zai)(zai)了(le)(le)前頭。早在(zai)(zai)(zai)2012年，青(qing)島(dao)就率先在(zai)(zai)(zai)山東省開展公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)匯聚、共(gong)(gong)(gong)享和開放工作(zuo)。2020年12月，青(qing)島(dao)上(shang)線并演示了(le)(le)全國(guo)首個公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)服務平臺(tai)，并發(fa)布數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)及(ji)應(ying)用(yong)場景供需(xu)清單。2022年8月，青(qing)島(dao)正(zheng)式啟(qi)動(dong)公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)運(yun)(yun)(yun)營(ying)試(shi)點工作(zuo)。近年來，青(qing)島(dao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)金融(rong)、商(shang)貿、交通、醫(yi)療等領域(yu)建設應(ying)用(yong)場景，推動(dong)公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)與各行業(ye)(ye)相融(rong)合(he)，收到了(le)(le)明(ming)顯成(cheng)效。比如，過(guo)去(qu)金融(rong)機構審批(pi)小微企(qi)業(ye)(ye)貸款(kuan)，需(xu)要(yao)耗(hao)時耗(hao)力去(qu)核查(cha)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)信息，還存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)不準(zhun)確等問題。而在(zai)(zai)(zai)公(gong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)平臺(tai)上(shang)線后，借助“城市云腦”的(de)大數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)處理能(neng)力，小微企(qi)業(ye)(ye)最(zui)快15分鐘就能(neng)收到貸款(kuan)。

　　讓公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)“活”起來(lai)，還(huan)要加強數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)安全(quan)，優(you)化(hua)市場(chang)生態。如今(jin)，我們(men)已在(zai)(zai)眾多領域感(gan)受(shou)到(dao)(dao)大數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)所(suo)帶(dai)來(lai)的便(bian)利。在(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)運(yun)(yun)營(ying)之后，各類數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)將進(jin)一步整(zheng)合，帶(dai)來(lai)更(geng)大便(bian)利，也可能(neng)埋下更(geng)多隱(yin)(yin)患。很多人(ren)已體驗(yan)過(guo)“大數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)殺熟”，假如不(bu)能(neng)保(bao)護好(hao)(hao)個(ge)人(ren)隱(yin)(yin)私，公(gong)(gong)眾就可能(neng)徹底淪為“透明人(ren)”。所(suo)以，公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)開(kai)放必須做好(hao)(hao)脫敏處理，成(cheng)為更(geng)安全(quan)的數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)產品與服務后，再釋放給(gei)社(she)會。公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)運(yun)(yun)營(ying)還(huan)是一個(ge)生態系統，就像一片“數(shu)(shu)(shu)林”，所(suo)有利益相關者，將共(gong)(gong)同決定(ding)這個(ge)生態系統的未來(lai)，必須立好(hao)(hao)規矩。目前，上(shang)海、浙江(jiang)等多地已圍繞(rao)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)開(kai)放進(jin)行了立法。此次，青島也在(zai)(zai)《青島市公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)運(yun)(yun)營(ying)試(shi)點突破(po)攻堅(jian)方案(an)》中明確(que)提到(dao)(dao)，“探索(suo)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)立法，規范公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)采集、管理與應(ying)用(yong)等工作(zuo)”。另外，在(zai)(zai)日常工作(zuo)中，也要讓相關部門有足夠(gou)的壓(ya)力(li)(li)和(he)動(dong)力(li)(li)，來(lai)推(tui)進(jin)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)(gong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)開(kai)放和(he)運(yun)(yun)營(ying)，以確(que)保(bao)高效和(he)安全(quan)可控。

　　公共(gong)數(shu)據(ju)運營試點是一項突(tu)破性(xing)、創新性(xing)工作，既(ji)要按下(xia)“快進(jin)鍵”，也要系好“安全(quan)帶”。我們有(you)理由相信，不(bu)斷深化改革、先行先試的青島，有(you)能(neng)力進(jin)一步釋(shi)放數(shu)據(ju)生產力潛能(neng)，走(zou)出一條獨具特色的數(shu)據(ju)市場發展(zhan)之路。